What Is a Cumulative Trauma Disorder

A cumulative trauma disorder is a condition where a part of the body is injured by repeatedly overusing or putting stress on that body part. Also known as a repetitive stress injury, cumulative trauma occurs when a body part is pushed to work at a greater level than intended over an extended period of time.   The immediate effect of the action may be relatively minor, but its the repetition that causes the injury, and the build up of trauma, causes the disorder. Cumulative trauma disorders a most common in the bodys joints, and can affect the muscle, bone, tendon or bursa (the fluid cushion) around the joint.   Symptoms of Cumulative Trauma Disorders Usually, these injuries are marked by pain or tingling at the injury site. Sometimes sufferers will have partial or total numbness in the affected area. Absent any of these acute symptoms, a person may notice a reduced range of motion in the affected area. For instance, someone with a cumulative trauma disorder of the wrist or hand may find it difficult to make a fist.   Types of Cumulative Trauma Disorders A common cumulative trauma disorder is carpal tunnel syndrome, a condition that causes pinching on a nerve in the wrist. It can be painful and in some cases debilitating. Workers most at risk for developing carpal tunnel syndrome usually have jobs that involve constant or repetitive motion using their hands. This includes people who type all day without proper wrist support, construction workers who use small tools, and people who drive all day long. Here are other common cumulative stress disorders:   Tendonitis:  This is a painful condition marked by inflammation and swelling of a tendon,   which are the fibrous bands that connect bones to muscles. Since the body has thousands of tendons, there are many different kinds of tendonitis, usually classified either by body part (such as patellar tendonitis, which affects the patella in the knee)   or by the repetitive action that causes the trauma (like tennis elbow)Shin Splints:  Shin splints are an injury to the front lower leg or more specifically, the shin bone. Theyre usually the result of a repetitive action like long-distance running but can sometimes occur after an acute injury.  Bursitis:  A bursa is a fluid-filled sac located around a joint that reduces friction and eases movement as tendons or muscles pass over bones or skin. When a bursa becomes irritated or inflamed, its a condition known as bursitis. Its most common in the shoulder, knee and hip joints, after repetitive motions like running and reaching. Treatment and Prevention of Cumulative Stress Disorders Most workplaces now offer ergonomic support to help prevent cumulative stress disorders; those who type all day can get wrist rests and keyboards shaped to better support the hands and wrists. And many assembly lines at manufacturing plants have been redesigned to ensure workers performing repetitive motions arent bending or moving into awkward positions that may stress joints.   The treatment for a cumulative stress disorder will vary depending on the location and severity of the injury. For the majority of these injuries, curbing the activity that caused the trauma in the first place helps keep the pain and discomfort in check. This would mean a runner with patellar tendonitis would stop running for a while, for instance.   But in some cases, these injuries require more aggressive treatments, such as cortisone shots, or even surgery to correct the damage done by the repetitive action.

Best Wishes for Your Birthday

Some people like to celebrate their birthdays  alone. Others enjoy making a big splash and inviting friends for a grand celebration. Most people have a small party with their near and dear ones.  If you enjoy being with friends and family  but cant celebrate your birthday with them this year, dont feel depressed.  You can still make your birthday special with just a little effort. A birthday is a good time to take up an activity that youve never tried.  Choose one  that involves other people so you wont feel so lonely on your birthday. Perhaps you can learn ballroom dancing or yoga.  Visit a luxury spa or salon and pamper yourself. Treat yourself to exotic massages and dont feel guilty about spending money on yourself. You deserve special treatment.  If youre in a benevolent mood, visit a local orphanage and donate generously. Spend time helping the needy. Youll feel an immense sense of satisfaction and spiritual fulfillment. Heres a list of birthday wishes from the famous and not-so-famous that might inspire you to reflect on your life and how you would like to improve it. Maurice Chevalier Old age isnt so bad when you consider the alternatives. Alexander Pope Pleasd to look forward, pleasd to look behind, And count each birthday with a grateful mind. C.E.M. Joad Men are like wine. Some turn to vinegar, but the best improve with age.​ Oscar Wilde The old believe everything; the middle-aged suspect everything; the young know everything.​ Fred Astaire Old age is like everything else. To make a success of it, youve got to start young. Daniel Francois Esprit Auber Aging seems to be the only available way to live a long life. Mark Twain Age is an issue of mind over matter. If you dont mind, it doesnt matter. Pennsylvania Dutch Proverb We grow too soon old and too late smart. Ubie Blake If Id known I was going to live this long, Id have taken better care of myself. J. P. Sears Let us respect gray hairs, especially our own. Lucille Ball The secret of staying young is to live honestly, eat slowly, and lie about your age. Lucy Larcom Whatever with the past has gone, the best is always yet to come. Bernard Baruch We grow neither better or worse as we get old, but more like ourselves. Stephen Wright I intend to live forever—so far, so good! Martin Buxbaum Some people, no matter how old they get, never lose their beauty—they merely move it from their faces into their hearts. Jerry M. Wright The first sign of maturity is the discovery that the volume knob also turns to the left. Plautus Let us celebrate the occasion with wine and sweet words. Pablo Picasso It takes a long time to grow young. Les Brown You are never too old to set another goal or to dream a new dream. George Burns Nice to be here? At my age, its nice to be anywhere. Robert Frost A diplomat is a man who always remembers a womans birthday, but never remembers her age.

Social Theory Free Essays

Midterm Exam Q1: My dorm roommate Angelica is a psychology major and she disagrees with my major on Sociology. Angelica insists that psychology is the real deal for studying people and that sociology is completely clueless subject. I disagree with her on that since I was looking into the different examples of sociology applied to human behavior. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Theory or any similar topic only for you Order Now I looked into the class textbook, â€Å"Introducing Social Theory† in the first section was individualistic theory. Individualism means an individual’s personal attributes. I started seeing how sociology could describe people based on their personalities reflecting on their actions towards social interactions with others (Jones, Bradbury, and Le Boutillier, 1). I also showed Angelica an example on people having a controlling persona was an example of individualism based on individuals own ways of behavior. I told her, â€Å"Not everything is explained in psychology. Sociology gets more into a society realm perspective.† Q3: Garfinkel was a colleague of Goffman. He was a believer of symbolic interactionism, and wanted to study close proximity behavior amongst people. He wanted to teach students how to use different tactics in order to learn more about the ordinary social atmosphere. In â€Å"Introducing Social Theory,† Ethnomethodology was based on the methods people do based on getting a reaction and using that reaction to embark that the action from the person is a true fact. Garfinkel’s breaching experiment brought into gender interaction based on conversations. For instance, there is a radio station that picks on the second caller for a trivial questionnaire. The caller answers all of the questions correctly and gets a free trip to Disneyland for a weekend getaway; the caller is enthusiastic. The host asks the caller’s name and the response is: Devon. The host gets an idea based on Devon’s tone of voice and believes that Devon is a young woman since her tone of voice is medium pitched. Ethnomethodology also goes for the experiment on race. For example, I remember watching a YouTube video on a teenage boy that was questioned constantly about what his racial identity was. He said that people cannot understand that he is mixed race. When it comes to ethnomethodology, the aspect of race is an idea that people are assumed the things associated with identity is the real traits of someone based on their culture. Q5: W.E.B. Du Bois and C. Wright Mills are sociologists that bring in the study of people and the struggles that they face. Du Bois focuses his theory on ethnic struggles amongst African Americans and their impressions amongst living with Caucasians in â€Å"Spiritual Strivings†. His main theory involves looking at the social spectrum of society in general and a realm of the treatment of African Americans (Du Bois, 2). C. Wright Mills’ â€Å"The Sociological Imagination† goes into depth about people facing personal problems and feeling very down about being stuck in a difficult circumstance and feeling internal conflict (Mills, 3). Goffman was a symbolic interactionist that believed in the fact that people would act in front of a stage and back stage in order to give off an impression from performing from a script. In his own book, â€Å"The Presentation of Self,† Goffman goes into how an individual will go into feeling like making the first impression is difficult based on making a perfect impression once group interaction takes place (Goffman, 12). This also applies with going into social roles in order to understand what the interactions are and the types of conversation taking place. Du Bois would analyze Goffman by underlining the fact that based on Caucasians are racist amongst African Americans simply for being different and the ideas of what race is that it is nothing but a mere idea of African Americans treated as outcasts. Goffman makes a point about the actor that can make up a believable statement to others while being on stage. He says, â€Å"A cynical individual may delude his audience for what he considers to be their own good, or for the good of the community, etc.† (Goffman, 18). Goffman makes the statement that an actor can cover up a default while performing in order to make a lasting impression. C. Wright Mills makes a demonstration at looking at the biography of an individual to analyze an inflicted social problem. Q7: My social problem that I chose is the high cost of living in the Bay Area. For Weber, this problem is analyzed based on social class dividing people. In â€Å"Class, Status and Social Stratification,† Weber’s point of view on class has to deal with people in a group that share the same struggles and the same views of acquire basic necessities (Weber, 1). Weber would approach this problem looking at which class could easily pay for the rental costs and analyze that only middle-income people would be moderately struggling while the upper class would have no trouble for paying rent. There would be another approach when it comes to earning money and the actions that people do in order to pay the rent on time. Another approach Weber would do is analyzing the high rental costs based on capitalism. Since the rental costs are going up, people ask their bosses for a raise in order to keep their jobs without relocating or quit. Capitalism was once seen as a religious duty to preserve money and wealth was subject to be cautious. While wealth was taken seriously, living in poverty was not an excuse because of being a sign of struggle (â€Å"The Spirit of Capitalism and The Iron Cage†, 4). Capitalism amongst the Bay Area is all about paying the rent on time and making everyone work overtime in order to stay in their residential area. Durkheim would take on a different approach where he would make a positivism tactic. He would claim that the rental costs are not the problem, but it is the people that are able to survive without cracking under pressure. Durkheim goes into the fact that there are people that need strategic discipline in order to pay their rent, overlooking the high cost and more on the functions of people (â€Å"Suicide†, 3). Durkheim would be mainly about social order and categorizing the statistics of financial restraint versus bankruptcy. These two different approaches contradict Weber and Durkheim on the social problem for high cost rent in the Bay Area. References Du Bois, W.E.B. 1903. Pp. 1-12 in The Souls of Black Folk. Chicago, Il: A.C. McClurg and Co. Durkheim, Emile. 1897. â€Å"Suicide.† Excerpts from pp. 246, 247-249, 250-51, 252-254, 256, and 257-258 in Suicide: A Study in Sociology, edited by G. Simpson, translated by J.A. Spaulding and G. Simpson. New York: Free Press. Goffman, Erving. The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. Garden City: New York. Double Day Action Books. Jones, Pip. Liz Bradbury, and Shaun Le Boutillier. 2011. Introducing Social Theory. Cambridge, U.K: Polity Press. Mills, Wright, C. 1959. Pp. 5-15 and 130 in The Sociological Imagination. New York: Oxford University Press. Weber, Max. 1902 [1996]. Pp. 17-24, 166-174, and 180-183 in The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. Los Angeles, CA: Roxbury Publishing. Weber, Max. 1909-1920. [1946]. â€Å"Class, Status, Party.† Pp. 180-195 in From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology, edited and translated by H. H. Gerth and C. Wright Mills. New York: Oxford University Press. 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The Club by David Williamson Essay Example For Students

The Club by David Williamson Essay In his play The Club, David Williamson presents numerous Australian attitudes of the 1970s. However, many of these attitudes are still relevant and fairly accurate representations of Australian attitudes in the 1990s, although some of course have changed somewhat over the time since the play was written nearly twenty years ago. Tradition plays a very important part in The Club. Each of the characters of course has his own ideas and attitudes towards tradition, but there are some which are more or less universal throughout the play. In The Club, tradition is mainly presented as the opposite to progress and success; that is, to achieve success in todays world, tradition must be abandoned. For example, Laurie (the coach) blames an old Club tradition for his failure to win a premiership, â€Å"You and your cronies wouldnt let me buy players.† Jock (the vice-president) replies, â€Å"We were upholding an old tradition. It was wrong, but we believed in it.† Then in the next l ine, Laurie accuses Jock of supporting the rest of the committee in upholding the tradition not because he believed in it himself, but because he didnt want Laurie to succeed, â€Å"They might have believed in it but the reason why you wouldnt let the Club buy players was to stop me winning a flag.† However, Jock does support and use tradition when it is in agreement with his goals. For example when trying to avert a players strike, Jock claims that former Club heroes would be disgusted by the idea, â€Å"I want to turn all those photographs around so they dont have to look down on this shameful scene.† However, it is later revealed that Jock supports the buying of players and a coach who has not played for the Club, both of which are against traditions, to ensure that the Club wins a premiership next season. This hypocritical attitude towards tradition is probably a fairly typical Australian attitude; traditions are upheld and honoured, but only when they do not stand in the way of progress and success. This attitude presented by Williamson is probably even more widespread now in the 1990s, as success is seen as being even more important today. Attitudes towards commercialism are also explored in The Club. In the play, the Club itself is just beginning the road to commercialisation with the purchase of Geoff Hayward (the star recruit) for $90,000. However, Gerry (the administrator) and Jocks plans for next year not only include the dropping of some Club traditions, but also extensive commercialisation as wealthy entrepreneurs are recruited for sponsorship money which will be used to buy more players. The attitude of acceptance of the commercialisation of sport that is evident in The Club is more relevant in the 1990s than ever, when all popular sports are funded mainly by sponsorship dollars from big corporations. Even the Australian Olympic Team has received massive financial backing from sponsors, something which is accepted and considered to be good by most people. Power is also explored extensively in The Club; much of the play is based on power struggles between the characters. As mentioned earlier, the power struggle between Laurie and Jock is evidenced by Lauries accusation that Jock supported the committees traditional approach only to stop Laurie from succeeding. Obviously some of the characters are much more successful than others. For example, Gerry is able to skilfully manipulate the other characters so he can accomplish his own hidden agenda. However the two players, Danny (the team Captain) and Geoff, do not really become involved in these power struggles except when they aid Laurie at the end of the play. Ted (the president) has the most obvious power at the start of the play, although he steadily loses it throughout as the other characters strive to improve their standing. The desire for power is basically universal, and there is resentment from those who are not in power towards those who are. These attitu des are also still relevant in the 1990s, as shown by the recent Super League fiasco. Competitiveness is also an important attitude in the play — one which is shared by all the characters, to at least some extent. 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